By Debbie O’Neill, Atrium Specialist Nutritionist, BSc Clinical Nutrition, Adv Dip Nut Med

In a time where good mental health is highly valued, we need better understanding of the food we eat and its effect on our brain health more than ever. Just like our bodies need the right fuel to function optimally, our brains do too. What we eat can really make a big difference in how well we focus, memorise things, and our mental clarity.  Let’s explore the foods to help boost our brain health, diving into the science behind the nutrition and its impact on our minds.

Neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain, is crucial for learning and memory. Certain nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids play a key role in supporting this process. Omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and walnuts have been linked to increased neurogenesis and improved cognitive function. These essential fatty acids are crucial for brain health, supporting neuron function and promoting the growth of new brain cells.

Oily fish like salmon, trout, and sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA. Studies have shown that regular consumption of omega-3-rich fish is associated with improved memory, cognitive function, and a reduced risk of age-related cognitive decline.

Walnuts are rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, as well as antioxidants like vitamin E and polyphenols. Research published in the Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging found that older adults who consumed walnuts daily for two years had improved memory and cognitive function compared to those who did not eat walnuts.

Additionally, nuts and seeds also contain Vitamin E, healthy fats, fibre, and protein, thereby providing a steady supply of energy to the brain.

The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Antioxidants, abundant in fruits and vegetables, help neutralise free radicals and protect brain cells from damage. Berries, dark green leafy vegetables, and broccoli are particularly rich sources of antioxidants like vitamin C and flavonoids.

Red and purple fruit like berries, cherries, plums, currants and pomegranates are packed with antioxidants, particularly flavonoids, called anthocyanins, which have been shown to improve communication between brain cells, delay cognitive aging, and enhance memory and learning. Regular consumption of fruit containing anthocyanins has been linked to improved cognitive performance.

Leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale, and Swiss chard are rich in nutrients such as vitamin K, folate, and lutein, all of which have been linked to improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Lutein has been shown to accumulate in the brain and may help preserve cognitive function as you age.

Cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussel sprouts and kale, are powerhouses of nutrients that support brain health, including vitamin K, which is essential for forming sphingolipids, a type of fat densely packed into brain cells. They also contain compounds called glucosinolates, which can slow the breakdown of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, enhancing cognitive function and memory.

Dark chocolate contains flavonoids, caffeine, and antioxidants, all of which have been shown to improve cognitive function. Flavonoids have been linked to enhanced memory, focus, and overall brain health. However, it’s essential to consume dark chocolate with at least 70% cocoa, low in added sugars and which has been minimally processed.

Emerging research suggests a strong connection between gut health and brain function. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter production and inflammation, both of which impact mood and cognitive function. Support a healthy gut with probiotic rich foods, fresh fruits and vegetables and fibre.

As our understanding of the intricate relationship between nutrition and brain health continues to evolve, one thing remains clear: what we eat matters. By incorporating nutrient-rich foods, fostering a healthy gut microbiome, and adopting mindful eating habits, we can nourish our brains and support cognitive function well into old age.

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